Prečistači otpadnih Voda
Prečistači otpadnih Voda

Wastewater treatment plants

 

Wastewater treatment plants with activated sludge systems are highly efficient systems that utilize microorganisms for the treatment and purification of wastewater from households, industrial plants, or municipal systems. The basic working principle of these systems is based on the biological degradation of organic pollutants by bacteria living in suspension in the water, better known as activated sludge.

Our company Čabar Plast, in partnership with our Croatian partner, has developed unique small composite systems for wastewater treatment – wastewater treatment plants for 4-50 PE (population equivalent).

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Besides small compact systems, our company can also offer larger wastewater treatment systems for a greater number of residents for hotels, settlements, residential buildings, from 50PE to 2000PE.

The goal of wastewater treatment plants is to remove substances, i.e., pollutants from wastewater as completely as possible, using one or more treatment processes.

Throughout history, the aspiration of mankind has been the improvement of human beings and their lifestyle, which has gradually led to negative impacts on the environment and their living surroundings. Every type of pollution emitted reaches groundwater, rivers, lakes, and seas and represents a global problem.

Water pollution flows into surface and underground water streams. The availability of oxygen is of utmost importance for water filtration. Rivers perform natural water purification due to the action of rocks and stones found in the riverbed. This way, oxygen necessary for its filtration is obtained. This example of natural cooperation in the purification process results in crystal clear water.

Biological septic tanks, known as wastewater treatment plants, represent an advanced and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional septic tanks.

Their advantages are numerous and reflect contemporary technological solutions for sustainable wastewater management:

  • High-quality purification – The output from the system is exceptionally clean water that meets environmental standards and can be safely used for drainage, irrigation, or direct discharge into natural watercourses.
  • Long-term sludge removal – Thanks to efficient biodegradation, the removal of accumulated sludge is required infrequently, usually once every 1 to 3 years, which results in significant economic savings compared to traditional systems that require more frequent emptying.
  • No unpleasant odors – Advanced biological processes ensure that no foul odors are emitted in the system’s working area, contributing to a better quality of the living environment and greater acceptance of the system by the local population.
  • Compact dimensions – They occupy less space than classic septic tanks, making them ideal for installation in residential and commercial buildings with limited available space.
  • Low investment and operational costs – Initial investment and maintenance costs are minimal, making these systems an economical choice in the long term.
  • Fully automated operation – Treatment plants are designed to operate independently, with minimal human supervision, significantly facilitating operational efficiency and reducing the need for regular technical interventions
  • Maximum operational safety – Safety during operation is at a high level thanks to the use of safe materials and technologies, as well as compliance with the strictest standards and regulations for environmental protection and human health.

These advantages make biological septic tanks an excellent choice for those seeking environmentally sustainable and economically efficient solutions for the treatment and purification of wastewater.

Prečistači otpadnih Voda
Prečistači otpadnih Voda
Prečistači otpadnih Voda
Prečistači otpadnih Voda

Wastewater treatment plants – system operation description

The plant operates on the principle of activated sludge. Pollutants are removed from wastewater due to the biodegradation of organic matter carried out by microorganisms, which convert organic matter into biomass. The activity of microorganisms is maintained by adding oxygen using a compressor during the aeration phase (the operating phase of the device). The remaining sludge obtained during the purification process is stored within the tank or in a separate chamber – a sludge tank.

Main characteristics of Čabar Plast facilities (ecological septic tanks) for purification are:

  • Use of a single tank for the purification process.
  • A one-day SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) cycle.
  • The duration of the SBR cycle (operating cycle) is 24 hours, i.e., one SBR cycle per day.
  • Wastewater treatment plants cover the average daily activity of a family or business organization. The sedimentation phase, or resting phase, is carried out in the late evening hours when a reduced inflow of wastewater is expected (at night), i.e., when the inflow of wastewater is the lowest.

Biological Septic Tanks

iological septic tanks are a wastewater treatment system that uses natural processes to break down and treat waste materials from households. They are an enhanced version of traditional septic tanks because they include additional components that allow for better and more efficient wastewater treatment.

The key feature of biological septic tanks is their ability to use microorganisms, such as bacteria and enzymes, to decompose organic waste. This process takes place in a closed system, usually consisting of several chambers, where wastewater is gradually cleaned through various treatment phases.

Phases of Operation in SBR Wastewater Treatment Systems – Wastewater Purifiers

  • Filling the biological septic tank with wastewater – Wastewater is poured and freely enters the tank through an inlet pipe for even flow. The size of the inlet pipe is in accordance with the existing pipes installed on the property (house, hotel, etc.)
  • Aeration – During the aeration process, oxygen is intensively supplied via the control panel. The supply of oxygen – aeration alternates with the resting phase to support the biological process, the duration of the aeration phase is 5 minutes. The turbulence caused by the rising oxygen bubbles mixes the contents within the tank and dissolves organic matter. Pollutants are removed from the wastewater due to aerobic biodegradation of organic matter, whereby floating microorganisms consume it and convert it into biomass.
  • Sedimentation – Takes place in the late evening hours when a reduced inflow of wastewater is expected (at night), i.e., when the inflow of wastewater is at its lowest.
  • Discharge of treated water – After 75 minutes from the end of the sedimentation phase, the treated water is pumped out of the tank, through the system.
  • Sludge disposal – Sludge treatment – if there is a separate chamber or tank, the sedimented sludge residue is pumped out from them. The sludge storage can be located inside the tank or outside the tank. After filling the sludge tank, the water and sludge mixture is placed on the surface of the previously thickened sludge. The excess water is recycled through the sewage in the wastewater treatment process. The remaining sludge solidifies (coagulates). Alternatively, if there is no sludge storage in the tank itself, it is recommended to remove part of the content from the tank – when the sludge volume (SV) is greater than SV30 greater than 700mg /l (when taking a sample from the tank after 30 minutes if the sludge volume is greater than 700mg per liter, sludge removal is necessary).